Lakshmi, D Sustainable synthesis of structurally robust LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O₂ cathodes with enhanced electrochemical performance. Sustainable synthesis of structurally robust LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O₂ cathodes with enhanced electrochemical performance. pp. 1-29.

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Abstract

This study reports on the green synthesis of high-performance LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2

(NMC111) cathode materials using Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) extract as a natural chelating and
reducing agent. The electrochemical and structural performance of the green-synthesized NMC
(GS-NMC) was systematically compared with NMCs prepared using sol–gel and solid-state
methods. Structural and surface analyses show that GS-NMC possesses a highly ordered
layered structure with minimal cation mixing, improved crystallinity, and increased surface
area. Electron microscopy and BET analyses confirm a refined nanoscale morphology with
well-developed porosity. The XPS results indicate reduced surface impurities and an optimal
distribution of transition-metal oxides. Electrochemical testing in a three-electrode aqueous
LiOH system demonstrates that GS-NMC achieves enhanced surface redox activity, low
1
Preprint not peer reviewed
This preprint research paper has not been peer reviewed. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5293211
interfacial resistance, and stable pseudocapacitive behavior (approximately 120 mAh·g⁻¹
within a ±0.3 V window) over 1000 cycles. In comparison, sol–gel and solid-state samples
exhibit higher polarization and faster capacity fading. Although tested under aqueous half-cell
conditions, the results show that green synthesis offers a promising route to produce
structurally robust and electrochemically responsive NMC materials. The findings also
highlight the promise of biogenic synthesis as a sustainable alternative to traditional methods
and as a versatile platform for designing high performed cathode materials for next generation
lithium-ion batteries.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Green synthesis, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, Kiwi extract, Cathode materials, Electrochemical performance, Aqueous lithium-ion batteries.
Divisions: PSG College of Arts and Science > Department of Physics
Depositing User: Mr Team Mosys
Date Deposited: 26 Sep 2025 09:26
Last Modified: 26 Sep 2025 09:26
URI: https://ir.psgcas.ac.in/id/eprint/2444

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