Suresh Kumar, G (2025) Recycling biowaste into hydroxyapatite nanorods: a facile route to synthesize antibacterial and antioxidant biomaterials. Recycling biowaste into hydroxyapatite nanorods: a facile route to synthesize antibacterial and antioxidant biomaterials, 51. pp. 44306-44316. ISSN 0272-8842

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Abstract

In this study, we have reported the sustainable synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods using biowaste
materials such as sea shells and Citrus sinensis/Punica granatum fruit peel, as calcium and templating agents,
respectively. The hydrothermal method was employed to prepare HAp nanorods with uniform size and shape.
XRD, FTIR, SAED, HRTEM, and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed the formation of polycrystalline HAp with
rod-like morphology. The antibacterial activity of the HAp nanorods was evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli,
while the antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. The incorporation of Citrus sinensis and
Punica granatum fruit peel extracts into the synthesis process imparted antibacterial and antioxidant properties to
the HAp nanorods efficiently. The obtained results revealed that the HAp nanorods exhibited concentration�dependent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Moreover, Citrus sinensis fruit peel extract-mediated HAp
shows better antibacterial and antioxidant activities than Punica granatum fruit peel extract-mediated HAp.
Moreover, MTT assay and fluorescence-based live/dead staining demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of the
synthesized HAp nanorods with MG63 cells, confirming their suitability for biomedical applications. This
approach has the potential to obtain functional biomaterials while simultaneously promoting waste valorization
and environmental sustainability

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: Biowaste Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Antibacterial Antioxidant Cell viability
Divisions: PSG College of Arts and Science > Department of Physics
Depositing User: Dr. B Sivakumar
Date Deposited: 28 Mar 2026 06:16
Last Modified: 28 Mar 2026 06:16
URI: https://ir.psgcas.ac.in/id/eprint/2754

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